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常见的英语助动词有:be(无词义),do(无词义),have(无词义),shall将要,will将要。

(一)助动词be的用法

1、跟目前分词组成各类进行时态:

They are playing war games with toy guns and toy tanks. 他们正在用玩具枪和玩具坦克玩战役游戏。

We were playing video games on TV last night. 昨晚我们在电视上玩电子游戏。

2、跟过去分词形成被动语态:

He’s not respected by the press. 他们不受报界的尊敬。

We were taught how to use a computer last year. 去年教过我们若何用计算机。

(二)助动词have的用法

have背面跟过去分词组成各式完成时态:

We’ve known each other since three years ago. 我们从三年前就领会了。

He’s been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。

(三)助动词do的用法

1、帮助组成实意动词通常现在时和通常过去时的疑难式和否认式:

Do you know John? 你相识约翰吗?

Mary didn’t come to see me yesterday. 玛丽昨日没来看我。

You like this picture, don’t you? 你喜爱这张画,不是吗?

2、庖代前方已经提到过的动词,防止反复:

Do you smoke? ?Yes, I do. 你吸烟吗?-是的,我抽。

I smoke. So does he. 我吸烟。他也抽。

He doesn’t like it. Neither do I. 他不喜爱,我也不。

They went swimming yesterday. So did we. 他们昨日去泅水了。我们也去了。

3、帮助增强谓语动词的口气:

I do like you. 我果真喜好你。

She/He does like you. 她/他确切喜爱你。

She/They/We did go swimming yesterday. 她/他们/我们昨日确凿去泅水了。

If you do know, answer me in a loud voice so that all may hear. 假如你的确知道,就高声答复我,以便网友都能闻声。

be, have, do 都能做实意动词用:

These are computers. 这些是计算机。

We’re having breakfast. 我们正在吃早饭。

I did some washing last night. 我昨晚洗了衣服。

(四)助动词shall和will的用法

1、助动词shall/will形成寻常来日时;should/would形成昔时来日时

We shall/will be rich, if we succeed. 我们将很富饶,假如我们获胜的话。

They will be rich, if they succeed. 他们将很富裕,假如他们获胜的话。

They said they would be rich, if they succeeded. 他们说他们将很富饶,假如他们告成的话。

2、shall 用在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,来征求意见,体现“要不要……”

Shall I go now? 要我目前就走吗?

Shall we invite her, too? 我们也邀请她吗?

Shall the house be insured against fire? 要给屋子保火险吗?

Shall the reporters wait outside or what? 要记者们在表面等还是若何?

3、shall 用于所有人称,透露表现讲话人的决心、保障、答允、恐吓、告诫、下令等激烈的情绪。譬喻:

You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到了来日诰日,你会获得回复的。

If he’s good, he shall have a new watch for Christmas. 若是他施展阐发好,在圣诞节就会获得一起新表。

You shall suffer for this. 你会为这事吃苦头/支出价值的!

I don’t want to be hard on them; they shan’t be pressed. 我不想难为他们;不会过于强制他们的。

They hope to undermine our unity; they shall fail. 他们期望破坏我们的合作:他们不会告成的。

If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shan’t go to the party. 你们孩子要是不乖巧,就不让你们参预晚会。

As a man sows, so he shall reap. 善有善报,吉人天相。(谚语)

Then you shall come; and you will come too, Ruth, won’t you? 那你得来;Ruth,你也来好吗?

4、would 能够默示昔时的习惯,宛如彷佛used to:

He would come to see me on Sunday when he was here. 他在这边的时刻,星期天就来看我。

The dog would lie there in the sun all afternoon. 那只狗经常全数下昼躺在那处的太阳底下。

When we were children, we would go skating every winter. 小的时刻,每年冬季我们都去溜冰。

5、will能够默示“甘心、肯、会、僵化”等事理,而非异日:

I meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason. 我盘算和你讲理,可是你即是不讲理。

I will pay you for it. 我会付给你钱买下它的。

Go where you will. 到你甘愿去的所在。

She won’t so much as look at David. 她连看都不看一眼大卫。

We’re going on a climbing trip. Come if you will. 我们要去登山。你乐意的话就跟我们一起来。

6、will能够透露表现偏向、习惯(总是会,总是等乐趣),在否定句中能够透露表现“不愿、不行”等乐趣:

Boys will be boys. 男孩子总归是男孩子。

A wise man changes his mind; a fool never will. 聪明人会厘革自个的思维,而笨蛋却不会。

Sometimes the cat will lie there all morning. 有时候猫会全部下战书躺在那儿。

Oil and water will not mix. 油和水是不会搀和在一起的。

She will sit there for hours, waiting for her son to come back. 她总是在那儿那边坐上好几个小时,等她儿子归来回头。

This machine won’t work. 这台呆板不工作了/坏了。

These things will happen. 云云的事变总是会发作的。

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